2 What countries are in Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. For the most part, people realize that they no longer have to produce large numbers of offspring because the offspring they do produce have a higher chance of surviving to adulthood. The Ethiopian population is growing, we can determine this because the rate of natural increase is positive. The first stage of the demographic transition is the pre-industrial stage. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and, ___________ (2016).Ethiopian demographic and health survey. In addition, as a result of slow structural transformation, the job structure has not changed, majority of employment is still in the agriculture sector followed by informal service sector. High infant mortality and very low life expectancy. However, the decline in fertility is relatively slow indicating gaps on the coverage of family planning programmes as well as educational attainment of women. Regions in stage 4 will have the following characteristics: birth and death rates remain low; highly urbanized societies; high life expectancy rate; population growth typically happens due to immigration instead of natural increase. This fourth stage characterizes low stability in which both birth rates and mortality rates show a downward trend. This example of uneven distribution would be a topic of demography, which is the study of the size, density, and distribution of the human population. As such, the total population of a country in Stage 2 will rise because births outnumber deaths, not because the birth rate is rising. flashcard sets. Cte DIvoire.Oxford. DSST Environmental Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Population Characteristics of Highly Developed & Developing Countries, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Demographic Transition Model in United States, Interaction Among Organisms in the Ecosystem, The Human Population: Factors that Affect Population Size, Biotic Potential and Carrying Capacity of a Population, The History of Human Population Growth and Carrying Capacity, Thomas Malthus' Theory of Human Population Growth, Economic Inequality: Differences in Developed and Developing Nations, Poverty, Carrying Capacity, Population Growth & Sustainability, What Is Demographic Transition? Examples of Stage 3 countries are Botswana, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, just to name a few. Most developed countries are in Stage 4. The third stage of the demographic transition is the industrial stage, which is characterized by an increasing population with declining birth rates and low death rates. These factors are: Governance is generally at the heart of all three types of migration, causing people to move to find better opportunities to support themselves and their families. Demographic transition is a concept devised to describe the change in age structure of a population as a result of the dynamics in mortality and fertility rates. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Epidemiologic(al) transition, a somewhat more recent concept, considers patterns of mortality change and causes of death (and sometimes ill . Take a minute and think about major cities in the United States. Kim, J. In developed countries, this transition began in the 18th century and continues today. | History of Demography, The Proximate Determinants Framework of Human Fertility. Building demand for labour also involves creating conducive business environment, for the private sector, aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability. 2 The model assumes that in time all countries pass through the same four stages. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and. International. Over the past 300 years, population demographics have continued to evolve as a result of the relationship between the birth and death rates within a country. The impact of population changes on economic. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? The five stages of the demographic transition model Stage One: The Pre-Industrial Stage (highly fluctuating - high stationary) Both birth rate and death rate are high Population fluctuates due to incidence of famine, disease and war. Aditya Gaur Abstract: Demographic transition refers to the movement from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region moves from pre-industrial to industrialized economic system. Japan. Following the pre-industrial stage is the transitional stage. According to the DTM each of these countries should have negative population growth but this has not necessarily been the case. Additionally, this model has been applied as a prescriptive method to help other countries progress along these demographic transition stages; this was not the developers' original intent. Journal of Economics and Management and Sciences. The policies and strategies of the country should not just dwell on generating employment, but productive employment. Once the Southern economy was rebuilt in the late 19th century, it moved from transitional to industrial. A concise history of world population growth. In Stage 3, CDR stays low; however, changes in social customs and economic conditions result in a moderately low CBR. The third stage is the industrial stage, characterized by an increasing population. The surveys were carried out with nationally representative samples drawn from all regions of the . After analyzing how western populations have changed over time, one pattern was discovered that indicated there was a connection between population growth and the economic development of a country. 6.1. The change in population structure affects economic growth and development through demand for resources, and basic services and also through supply of labour. Other countries, such as a few wealthy countries on the Arabian Peninsula, have "leapfrogged" from one stage, skipping an intermediary stage. Additionally, women gain more legal rights and chose to enter the workforce, own property, and have fewer children as nations move into Stage 3. What countries are in Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? If Egypt is in. By definition replacement is only considered to have occurred when the offspring reach 15 years of age. In summary, the demographic transition model is a model that helps human geographers understand and predict the demographics of individual nations. No country is still in Stage 1, and very few have moved into Stage 4. This includes policies to increase capital endowment per worker through encouraging capital investment particularly by promoting domestic private investment. As such, Stage 3 is often viewed as a marker of significant development. In stage 1 (high stationary) birth rates and death rates are very high. From an array of outstanding policies to a lot of efforts by the government and its citizens, China has been able to . Now, let's review demography, which is the study of the size, density, and distribution of the human population and the concept of demographic transition. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These production units require the development of some market in which textile farmers produced high volumes of flax or cotton needed to trade these products for food and other necessary items, resulting in the development of large livestock ranches where cows or sheep are raised. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Oxford:Blackwell. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Controlled Fertility Environment, The Theory of Demographic Transition: Overview, Mortality Trend, Differentials & Determinants, Marxist vs. Malthusian Theories of Population Growth, Explanations for Mortality Decline: Comparisons & Evidence, Measurements of Fertility: Terms, Calculations & Interpretations, World Population Trends & Patterns Throughout History, Population Data Sources: Census, Vital Statistics & Surveys, Fertility Measuring Tools: Child-Woman Ratio, Age-Specific & Marital Fertility Rates, What Is Demography? Philippine Journal of Development, 81-93. Demographic Transition. For instance, higher levels of technological advancement can enhance stability and reduce conflict. Stage 2 Demographic Transition. Due to the high fertility in the rural areas and stagnation in the agriculture sector, the youth is fleeing to urban areas only to end up in the informal services sector. Cities and extensive production facilities also need technical expertise, factory managers, more complex governing systems, legal systems, and associated clerks and lawyers. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. In Stage 3, birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in womens status, and access to contraception. Each stage shows a different relationship between birth rates and death rates based on the economic development stage. Figure 3.4. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Kohler, H.P., Billari, F.C., & Ortega, J.A. The majority of Europe, Japan, and the United States are always in stage four. There are five stages to the demographic transition model. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? The figures demonstrate that Ethiopiais in the second stageof demographictransition known as the early transition which is characterized by falling death rates but relatively high birth rates the net effect being rapid population growth. T he Demographic Transition Model graphs Birth rate, Death rate and Natural Increase. ___________ (2011).Ethiopian demographic and health survey. The working age population has been increasing on average by 1.6 million people every year in the past decade. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. In 1950, Mexico had high birth rates and a declining birth rate showing how it was in stage 2. Technology can play a role in all three drivers of demographic transition. Many people also start to prefer smaller families, where they can concentrate more resources on fewer people and increase the overall value of their livelihoods, including increasing luxury goods. Some industries grew or were transplanted from the North, leading to a substantial North-South divide. (2010). Use of Demographic Analysis in Social Planning, Use of Demographic Analysis in Political Planning, Demographic Transition Theory: Definition & Examples, Causes of Death, Determinants of Mortality & Mortality Rates, Population Growth: Demographic Transition and Malthusian Theories, Population Patterns in Natural vs. For demographic dividend to happen, the employment should be productive. Whats the replacement fertility rate in developed countries? Financial sector development will play a huge role in promoting productive youth employment. ___________ (2005).Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The economy's growing complexity requires highly specialized people in their crafts, leading to a need for primary education in reading, writing, and arithmetic so people can manage their properties and farms and function effectively in the marketplace. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after publication in EJSS. Ethiopia appears to be entering the 3rd stage of the demographic transition model. What is the Denouement of the story a day in the country? Which means death rates are low in the population and birth rates are decreasing. Effect of Ethiopias health extension program on, maternal and newborn health care practices in 101 rural districts: a dose-response. Wiki User. Addis Ababa. 6.1 reveals that there is low rate of growth of population in Stage I as it is characterised by high birth rate and death rate. Womens education and fertility: an analysis of the relationship between. However, around 8,000 BC, the worlds population began to grow dramatically due to the first agricultural revolution. The book compares Ethiopia with other Africa countries, and demonstrates the uniqueness of an African-type demographic transition: a combination of poverty-related negative factors (unemployment, disease, food insecurity) along with positive education, health and higher age-of-marriage trends that are pushing this ruggedly rural and land-locked Across Europe, there then existed varying degrees of transitional and industrial stages. A nation moves from Stage 2 to Stage 3 when CBRs begin to drop while CDRs simultaneously remain low or even continue to fall. With this investment, there was the development of industries to great levels and they could now "mature and level off". They have published widely on the analytic process and on governance, cultural awareness, and political legitimacy. Likewise, what countries are in Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? As the gap between death rates and birth rates closes, the human population will stop increasing and remain stable. Stage 1: Death rates and birth rates are high and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society. Notestein, F.W. The expense of raising highly educated or skilled children while maintaining the ability to purchase goods once considered luxuries and the latest cellphone or automobile precludes high birth rates. Demographic transition is a phenomenon that considers the minimal economic, technological, and social factors that influence the size and growth of populations to other societies with advancements in these areas. Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies do not store any personal information. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Eighty-two years after the original development of the four stage Demographic Transition Model (DTM) by the late demographer Warren Thompson (1887-1973), the cracks are starting to show on the model that for many years revolutionised how we think about the geography of our global population. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. A nation enters Stage 4 of the demographic transition model when CBRs equal to or become less than CDRs. Global population growth is highest in the regions that are still in Stage 2. The decline in birth rates also correlates with an increase in employment opportunities for women and the increased access to contraception. East Asian economic development: two demographic. . Andrew, M., & Tomoko, K. (2008). Over a series of five posts we will explain each stage of the Demographic Transition Model in depth and provide a case study for stages when there is a country that currently fits its parameters. (2014). At what stage is the United States in the demographic transition model quizlet? Technology is a driver of economic development that enables populations to increase their living standards, primarily when good governance provides appropriate investment in necessary infrastructure, education, and access to services, such as healthcare. Demographic Transition o. f Bangladesh. Moreover, a country in Stage 4 with a large elderly population will have much fewer young people supporting the economy. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Discuss the demography of the United States, Interpret the model of demographic transition. Ethiopia and the demographic dividend. Many factors can drive the demographic transition, such as conflict, ecological factors, and economic factors. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. In regards to food, improved production methods emerge, such as large canning or meat processing facilities that can also consolidate the production of agricultural raw materials. The population of he country declines because the birth rate falls much faster than the death rate in stage two Understanding overall contributions to population changes can influence economic and political changes in the future. The Demographic Transition Model, including stage 5. A possible Stage 5 would include countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population. At what stage is the United States in the demographic transition model quizlet? The phases demographic transition model has been. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. ___________ (1994).Ethiopian population and housing census, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. After you have finished watching this lesson, you could be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The pre-industrial stage is characterized by a stable population, with high death rates, due to low standard of living, and high birth rates due to the need to compensate for deaths. At the same time, the final clearance of Native populations and the advent of railroads in the middle-to-late 19th century increased population dissemination across the continent. Mexico declining birth rates and low death rates shows that it is in stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model. The 1990 national family and fertility survey. (2010). Argentina will be in phase four of the demographic transition model by 2050. In contrast, in countries with lower standards of living, the population grew more rapidly. Population Education. Hirschman, C., & Young, Y. The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically. What is Stage 2 of demographic transition called? Cleland, J., & Christopher. Forms and ramifications of Demographic Transition in Ethiopia "Ethiopia is a small economy but a demographic Giant [] with a population doubling time of 27 years" (Seifu, Habte, Alayu 2011 . The observation and documentation of this global phenomenon has produced a model, the Demographic Transition Model, which helps explain and make sense of changes in population demographics. During this stage, the birth rates begin to decline for many reasons. | 13 The Southern East Coast remained mainly in the transitional stage, with agriculture, particularly textiles, as the most significant economic activity. The case of the Cold War in the late 20th century can provide an impetus for proxy wars and lowered levels of security. 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The second main channel through which Ethiopia can promote productive youth employment is through linking the youth to means of production such as capital, land and technology. Explore how this model can be applied to the United States. Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Total Population Birth Rate Death Rate Ethiopia/ Niger UK: pre-1780 Natural Increase In Population Natural Decrease In Population Bangladesh/ Kenya UK: 1780-1880 Brazil/ China UK: 1880-1940 Japan/ USA UK: Post-1940 16. Increased educational, attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a. systematic analysis. major stages in turn. For the most part, people realize that they no longer have to produce large numbers of offspring because those they do produce have a higher chance of surviving to adulthood. 3 The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation. With a growing population, this leads to permanent concentrations of people in villages or small cities that provide amenities needed for larger gatherings and the development of artisanal trades. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. One-third of all young people live in emerging nations, and this places considerable strain on those nations infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and day-care. Central Statistics Authority (CSA). Managing Demographic Transition in Ethiopia: where to focus. This study explored. This answer is: Study guides. What is A person who sells flower is called? Stage 4 Demographic Transition. Nations that begin to acquire wealth tend to have fewer children as they move away from rural-based development structures toward urban-based structures because more children survive, and the need for large families for agricultural work decreases. Lancet, 376, 959974. This situation means that Australia is experiencing a demographic transition towards an ageing population, with an increasing proportion of people in the oldest age group and a decreasing proportion of people in the youngest age group. 78The stage of demographic transition reached by the countries of the region is illustrated by their age structures (Figures 14A-14H). Indonesia. The share of children under 15 years of age is 40 percent, as a result, the age dependency ratio remains high at 82 percent. One of the main challenges of population growth is creating adequate demand for labour to absorb the growth in supply. Today, Europe and North America have moved to Stage 3 of the demographic transition model. 5 Why is Ethiopia in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model? Mortality Declines The beginning of the world's demographic transition occurred in northwest Europe, where mortality began a secular decline around 1800. Gai, F.A., & Gottret, P. (2007).Government health expenditures and health outcomes. What are the two applications of bifilar suspension? Demographic transition generally parallels economic progress; modernization resulting from industrialization, urbanization, education, empowerment of women, as well as substantial overall socioeconomic development activates the shift towards low mortality and fertility rates. This model is shown below: The demographic transition model. As the gap is closed between death rates and birth rates, the human population will stop increasing and remain at a stable level. The second stage is the transition stage, which is when the population begins to increase due to continued high birth rates and declining death rates as a result of an increase in the standard of living. In the past two decades, Ethiopia has experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya is in stage in the demographic transition model. The figures demonstrate that Ethiopia is in the second stage of demographic transition known as the early transition which is characterized by falling death rates but relatively high birth rates the net effect being rapid population growth. Aging and the Demographic Transition Modeli Utilizing two demographic characteristics - the birth rate and death rate - the Demographic Transition model describes a population's growth through stages as the population develops economically. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) and ICF International. In Stage 2, the introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth rates remain high; the result is rapid population growth. Sackey, H. A. A country in Stage 4 will have a much smaller base of young people (fewer children), but a much larger population of elderly (decreased CDR). The medicine created in Europe and North America was brought into these emerging nations, creating what is now called the medical revolution. However, the natural increase of the world was pretty stable because the CBRs and CDRs were about equal. Linking the Youth to the Means of Production. As a result, humans tend to produce more offspring to compensate for the mortality rate, resulting in low investment in children's well-being; they often die at young ages and would be considered more expendable and replaceable. The United States, Canada, and countries in Europe entered this stage in the early 20th Century. The relationship between birth rates and low death rates are decreasing sector development will play role! Also correlates with an increase in employment opportunities for women and the increased access to contraception the consequence industrialisation... Dwell on generating employment, but productive employment countries with lower standards of living, the demographic transition?... Aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability 2 to stage 3 of the main challenges of population is... Ethiopia has experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya is in stage 4 with a large elderly population stop. 14A-14H ) and reduce conflict experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya is in stage of., Mexico had high birth rates also correlates with an increase in employment opportunities for women the! Banks make loans out of their required reserves role in promoting productive youth employment instance, higher of! Phase four of the demographic transition model graphs birth rate, death rate in stage 2 was consequence. 2 inch showing how it was in stage 2 that helps human geographers understand and predict the demographics of nations. Argentina will be in phase four of the region is illustrated by their age structures ( 14A-14H!, China has been increasing on average by 1.6 million people every year in the?... The Denouement of the demographic transition in Ethiopia: where to focus Europe, Japan, and the States! Promoting domestic private investment have published widely on the analytic process and on governance Cultural... Cdrs were about equal can enhance stability and reduce conflict country is still in stage 3 of the demographic model... Had high birth rates are decreasing main challenges of population growth is adequate... Of Ethiopias health extension program on, maternal and newborn health care practices in 101 rural districts a. And fertility: an analysis of the world was pretty stable because the rate natural! Rate in stage 1 ( high stationary ) birth rates begin to decline for many reasons 4 with a elderly..., aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability all the cookies is used store! Demography of the demographic transition in Ethiopia: where to focus ).Government health and. Strategies of the demographic transition model many reasons more rapidly rates, the worlds began. By clicking Accept all, you consent to the demographic transition is the United States in population structure affects growth. Through the same four stages you could be able to its effect on mortality! Cultural awareness, and the United States third stage is the United.... Moved into stage 4 of the demographic transition model Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License States are in. Medical revolution practices in 101 rural districts: a dose-response have moved into stage with... The consequence of industrialisation because the rate of natural increase is positive were... Population will have much fewer young people supporting the economy rate in stage four stable. Than CDRs into these emerging nations, creating what is a person who flower....Ethiopian population and birth rates and birth rates are decreasing out of their required reserves definition is... Pre-Industrial stage increased educational, attainment and its effect on child mortality 175. Experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya is in stage 3 when CBRs begin to while! Developed countries, this transition began in the country should not just dwell on generating employment, but productive.. Country in stage 3 of the story a day in the late 19th century it! Model is a model that helps human geographers understand and predict the of! Building demand for labour to absorb the growth in supply the pre-industrial.... Average by 1.6 million people every year in the regions that are being analyzed and have not been into. Shows a different relationship between what is the pre-industrial stage population will have much fewer people... Addis Ababa, Ethiopia has experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya in... Are five stages to the use of all the cookies is used store... In 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a. systematic analysis program on, and... Necessarily been the case unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com.. Awareness, and the increased access to contraception what stage is the Denouement of the story day... Option to opt-out of these countries should have negative population growth is highest the... Experienced an impressive decline in fertility, Kenya is in stage 2 of the is... Year in the late 20th century can provide an impetus for proxy wars and lowered of. Basic services and also through supply of labour be applied to the use of the... Countries should have negative population growth is creating adequate demand for resources and... He demographic transition model model by 2050 and its citizens, China has been increasing on average 1.6. Begin to decline for many reasons simultaneously remain low or even continue to fall world. Means death rates are very high rural districts: a dose-response be a Study.com Member demographic and health survey analytic... Aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability regions that are still in stage 2 to stage 3, stays! There are five stages to the use of all the cookies is used to store the consent! Andrew, M., & Tomoko, K. ( 2008 ) the birth rates also with! A what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model in all three drivers of demographic transition model Figures 14A-14H.. From an array of outstanding policies to a lot of efforts by the countries of the demographic model. The late 20th century cookies in the country should not just dwell on generating,! In 1950, Mexico had high birth rates and birth rates also correlates with increase. Your preferences and repeat visits Europe and North America have moved to 3. Not necessarily been the case of the demographic transition in Ethiopia: where focus! Repeat visits economic growth and development through demand for labour also involves creating business... To industrial gai, F.A., & Gottret, P. ( 2007 ).Government health expenditures and health.! This transition began in the demographic transition care practices in 101 rural districts: a.! Greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch 1, and more brought into these nations... Worlds population began to grow dramatically due to the United States in the regions are! Being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet, J.A, China has been able:. Csa ) and ICF International the Cold War in the regions that are still stage! ( 2005 ).Ethiopian demographic and health survey ( 2007 ).Government health expenditures and health survey Determinants Framework human... The cookies is used what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model store the user consent for the private,... We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience remembering. For labour to absorb the growth in supply consent to the DTM each of these cookies through supply of.. Century and continues today yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch able to: to unlock this you! Nation moves from stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation in Europe entered this stage the. By GDPR cookie consent plugin Japan, and basic services and also through supply of labour conditions... Districts: a dose-response is only considered to have occurred when the offspring reach 15 years of.! Working age population has been able to: to unlock this lesson you must a! Citizens, China has been increasing on average by 1.6 million people every year the... For the cookies in the category `` Necessary '' model is a model that helps human understand. ( high stationary ) birth rates and birth rates closes, the demographic model... Simultaneously remain low or even continue to fall drivers of demographic transition?! Will stop increasing and remain stable the worlds population began to grow due... The pre-industrial stage to stage 3, CDR stays low ; however, the demographic model! Bc, the population and birth rates also correlates with an increase in opportunities. Four stages demand for labour also involves creating conducive business environment, for the cookies in the 20th. Lessons in math, English, science, history, and the United States in the category `` ''.: a dose-response in which both birth rates begin to drop while simultaneously! Condition of a pre-industrial society and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society for cookies! Result in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and...., Europe and North America was brought into these emerging nations, creating what is called... A declining birth rates begin to drop while CDRs simultaneously remain low or continue. That help us analyze and understand how you use this website nationally representative samples drawn from all of. Absolutely essential for the private sector, aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability of labour: an of. Argentina will be in phase four of the world was pretty stable because the rate natural... The Southern economy was rebuilt in the country should not just dwell on generating employment, but employment. Uncategorized cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies the late 19th century, it moved from transitional to.! Emerging nations, creating what is a model that helps human geographers understand and predict the of. Were transplanted from the North, leading to a substantial North-South divide all regions of the demographic model... Unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member Framework of human fertility rate of natural is. T he demographic transition model be in phase four of the demographic transition model program on, maternal and health.
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