For security purposes, and to ensure that the public service remains available to users, this government computer system employs programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information or to otherwise cause damage, including attempts to deny service to users. Book records in the HOLLIS library catalog generally include one or more Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) (https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/). Click a link to view its search results. WebAviation is a complex industry governed by an extensive regulatory environment. WebCommon legal issues faced in the airline industry include: Commercial and regulatory issues in connection with Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT), This years survey focused on three issues facing the aviation aftermarket: continuing challenges of labor shortages, cost management, and sustainability. In the past few years, there has been a reduction in business class travelling which is a huge loss for the companies. We rely on our journalists to be independent observers. WebPolitical- legal factors As pursuing to develop globally, Singapore Airlines has to consider political factors in Singapore market and other countries as well. These include fuel efficiency, Note: In HOLLIS, you can limit a search results list, such as by type of resource, date, or holding library, by using the filtering options on the right side of the screen. These regulations cover all aspects of the airline industry, including the airlines themselves (carriers), as well as their equipment (aircraft) and pilots (airmen). 2019 regulation on greenhouse emissions from power plants, April rule governing emissions from vehicle tailpipes. In 2001, the global airline industry recorded losses of $13 billion. That plan required a 4-percent reduction in fuel consumption of new aircraft starting in 2028 compared with 2015 deliveries. Now passengers prefer those airlines which are providing extended services at low fares. To match the reduced demand, airlines were forced to cut capacity by 2.8% in 2001 and 3.9% in 2002. We reserve the right to block IP addresses that submit excessive requests. WebDemand for air travel is also affected by factors such as economic conditions, war or the threat of war, fare levels and weather conditions. This includes participating in marches or rallies in support of a movement or giving money to, or raising money for, any political candidate or election cause. Discrimination law Copyright, patents / Intellectual property law Consumer protection and e-commerce Employment law Health and safety law Data Protection Airline companies face similar legal issues as businesses in theAutomotive, Technology, and Retailindustries. Airlines are made responsible for air crashes or any other type of damage or disaster. Airline Industry Analysis Despite increasing levels of airborne passenger and cargo traffic, revenue for the global airlines industry has grown sluggishly over the past five years as unstable fuel prices and rising competition have set downward pressure on airline ticket prices and freight shipping rates, restraining industry revenue growth. There are many regulations which require airlines to offer safe travel along with high-quality services. Reference ID: 0.3f460317.1677741366.32f6903e. Other agencies that are also involved in this work, some of which fall under the DOT umbrella, include the following: Airlines for America (A4A) (http://airlines.org) is the major advocacy organization for the commercial aviation industry in the United States. Add me to Travel Tomorrow's mailing list. For more information, contact [email protected]. Therefore, legal factors can impact a business to a great extent. Well This is mainly because Economic Factors. AirlinesAutomotiveBlockchain TechnologyConsumer ProductsCosmeticsCryptocurrencyCybersecurityDigital ArtsDigital MarketingEcommerceEnergyFashionLuxury BrandsHealth TechnologyProfessional ServicesReal Estate DevelopersRestaurantsRetailSoftwareSporting GoodsTechnologyTelecommunications. Increased technological advancements can make airlines gain profits through offering safety and enhanced services. Fiscal policies such as excise taxes on airline tickets increase consumer Researching In this part of the series and the next part, well discuss twomajor eventsthat had a profound impact on the U.S. airline industrythe terrorist attack in 2001 and deregulation in 1978. means that reaching carbon neutrality in 2050 means acting today. September 01, 2022. If U.S. aircraft manufacturers cannot have their products certified to the internationally agreed standards, U.S. airlines will not be able to purchase these aircraft for international service, she said. That way, companies could continue to sell American-made planes abroad. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. Additionally, airlines were also under the pressure to cope up with the increasing fuel prices. Fuel price: In general, fuel price always plays an important role in the In this part of the series and the next part, well discuss two major events that had a profound impact on the U.S. airline industrythe terrorist attack in 2001 and deregulation in 1978. The new proposal on airplane emissions, which would be open to public comment before being legally finalized, is modeled after a plan drafted largely by international airline companies and adopted in 2016 by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations body. The shortfall is being felt in every category from pilot. Read those pages for additional information regarding the legal solutions our industry teams provide. Daniel Rutherford, program director for aviation with the International Council for Clean Transportation, said the standard would not require any new investment in fuel-efficient technology. Making a PESTLE analysis will help in determining the weak areas and how much efforts are required to invest so as to get back to the right way. Other pledges were put forward during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021. Global commitments are preferred over regional initiatives to ensure the competitiveness of the aviation sector and its supply of fuel, stated FuelsEurope. The airline rules would be similar; critics say the substance of the proposal does little more than codify a set of standards largely created by the aviation industry According to the International Air Transport Association (or IATA), the financial impact on the global and U.S. industry are as follows: It took three years for the global airline industry to recover the 6% decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001. 85% of senior executives in Oliver Wymans annual maintenance, repair, and overhaul survey, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) put out a statement, a record number of passenger-to-freighter (P2F) conversions. The tight labor conditions go beyond finding sufficient crews for flights. Failing to be tech-savvy can result in loss of clients. Webfactors that impact on airline performances (Lohmann & Koo, 2013). WebPESTLE Analysis of Airline Industry Political Environment. According to the Global Market Insights (GMI), the aviation industry was already facing 8 top challenges prior to the Covid-19 era. The recent economic recession made the travel market to see its lowest period. It took the global airline industry five years to report its first net profit after the September 11, 2001 terror attack. Cost of legal compliance, various kinds of regulatory fees, fines caused by unintentional errors, bilateral or international obligations and agreements also make a dent in an airline revenue and affect its performance as a result. For more information, please see the SECs Web Site Privacy and Security Policy. Government Policies Government policies directly affect the airline industry. WebOne of the most immediate challenges facing the global aviation industry today is a labor shortage. Below is a list of selected treatises on this topic that are available from the collections of the Harvard Library. In most countries, there are strict regulations for the aviation industry. The White Houses top medical adviser Anthony Fauci said in September that he supported a mandate for passengers too, but the travel industry was in disagreement and this remains a relatively uncommon measure worldwide. WebConsequently, these external factors may affect an airline performance at time, if they are unstable or unpredictable. This is mainly because of the risks associated and which can result in deaths or accidents or any irreparable damage. Many laws have been proposed which regulates how the airlines treat its passengers. Various countries enact labor laws that mandate generous benefits. Click the linked book title to view the book's record in the HOLLIS library catalog. The New People The LCSH system features a controlled,hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords. PESTLE analysis is a strategic method through which airline companies can weigh all external factors that are affecting business. These include supply decisions by oil suppliers, refinery expansion by oil companies and government decisions to open offshore drilling and fund alternate fuel research. Airline manufacturers praised the rule. Several policies have been devised to protect passengers more than the aviation industry. Customers tend to choose airlines based on the characteristics of their services, which include on-board amenities, safety, entertainment, and ground services (Wen & Yeh, 2010). The endangerment finding did not include the details of a regulation, but it set off a legal requirement under the Clean Air Act for the E.P.A. of Transportation looking into practices of travel websites and question of whether flight information is proprietary and protectable by the airlines. Experts defend that a significant reduction of the CO2 emissions of the aviation sector will require a holistic approach at the global level since aviation is primarily a global industry. Along with this, however, has come a steady increase in flight cancellations due to labor shortages. For more information on how we can assist with airline industry legal issues please contact us. This is a quick guide designed to help you use resources from the Harvard Law School Library to research legal issues surrounding the regulation of the airline industry. The Global Risks Report 2022: Worlds Apart. This Please contact Jennifer using the contact information above. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Both economy and premium travelling declined. Environmentalists have long said aviation emissions need to be reduced to prevent the worst effects of global warming. Feedback on this guide is welcome. Both of those rules replaced far more stringent climate change standards developed by the Obama administration, and in both cases the new rules allow for more planet-warming emissions than their predecessors. 2020-2022 Travel Tomorrow - Flagship brand of. In this series well use the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal (or PESTEL) framework to analyze the airline industry. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. To match the reduced demand, airlines were forced to cut capacity by 2.8% in 2001 and 3.9% in 2002. Airline operations traverse wide geographic areas and are affected by policies imposed by governments at all levels local, national and international. Another issue pressuring the aviation industry to take drastic measures relates to its green footprint and on finding solutions to decarbonise the entire sector. WebPESTLE stands for Political, Economic Socio-Cultural, Technological, Legal and Environmental. Political factors Political factors affecting the airline industry refer to a variety of government interventions that In most countries, there are strict regulations for the aviation industry. We rely on our journalists to be independent observers. But those emissions are projected to triple by 2050, according to the International Civil Aviation Organization. Intellectual Property LitigationBusiness LitigationCorporate & CommercialPatentsTrademarks, Technology & DataSoftware & CopyrightsAnti-Counterfeiting & EnforcementInternet & E-CommerceInternational Business, 8150 N Central Expressway 10th Floor Dallas, Texas 75206 | Principal Office - Dallas, TexasCopyright Policy | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Banner, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Main, Courts Divided Over .Com Trademark Registrations, Tough Time Flying? President Trump is still pressing forward on his three-and-a-half-year rollback of environmental standards, and the proposed airline rule would stave off an impending lawsuit by putting the federal government in compliance with a legal requirement that it regulate airplane greenhouse emissions. One such example is a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors) framework which is discussed below. Source: HeinOnline subscription database. Martastudied Political Science and Media & Journalism at the Catholic University of Portugal (UCP) and has developed her journalistic career working for the Portuguese newspapers Dirio de Notcias,Correio da Manh and media outlets in Brussels. Its also impacted by issues like war, terrorism, and the outbreak of diseasessuch as Ebola. Some governments provide subsidies that provide an unfair advantage and prices lower than market conditions would dictate. Fuel is a very major expenditure of the industry and airlines are required to invest more in environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient aircraft. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. This SEC practice is designed to limit excessive automated searches on SEC.gov and is not intended or expected to impact individuals browsing the SEC.gov website. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address(es) may be limited for a brief period. For the US air travel in particular, cancellations, packed planes and ever-increasing fares have become the new normal. Economic Factors - These factors represent the wider economy. Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy. Defense of third-party infringement claims. General 1.1 Please list and briefly describe the principal legislation and regulatory bodies which apply to and/or regulate aviation in your jurisdiction. Thank you for your interest in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. She is a reporter for Travel Tomorrow, and is also engaged in delivering communications services and EU policy research for different consultancies in Brussels. According to the International Air Transport Association (or IATA), the financial impact on the global and U.S. industry are as follows: Latest Southwest Airlines Co News and Updates. Your request has been identified as part of a network of automated tools outside of the acceptable policy and will be managed until action is taken to declare your traffic. 1001 and 1030). UAE bans its citizens from leaving the country without a booster shot, Hong Kong scraps Covid-19 masks to revive the regions financial hub, South Korea leads in Asias online travel market, Tourism leaders call for united global effort to decarbonise industry, Europes new ETIAS visa system postponed to early 2024, New online dashboard asses European cities cargo bike friendliness, Nationwide rail strike confirmed in Belgium for 10 March, Doha awarded Arab Tourism Capital for 2023. Government policies directly affect the airline industry. Financially weak carriers even went into bankruptcy during the period. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2004-title14-vol1/content-detail.html). Airlines also create social values like any other business as the consumer of today has changed. The links below are to sources related to this topic that are available in the LexisAdvancesubscription legal research database. Note: This book is not available in the Harvard Library collections. This is the third time in the past two years that this administration has taken major action to regulate greenhouse gases in a way that is legally defensible, reduces CO2 and protects American jobs, Andrew Wheeler, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, said on a telephone call with reporters Wednesday morning. In addition, private companies may also institute policies that affect the industry's viability, such as policies about fuel. Finally, section 6 concludes the study. First at all, the global airline industry faced intense impact as a result of the market forces of supply and demand. In fact, the change in demand is one of the most important factors which affected to the airline industry. The initial variable that can shift demand curve is income. In fact, attitudes to vaccine mandates for airline staff vary around the world, proving particularly contentious in the US, where Delta Air Lines and Southwest held out on making them compulsory for their workers, according to the CNN. WebThere are three factors that cause financial problem for airline industry: fuel price, interest rate, currency rate. According to an upcoming analysis by Mr. Rutherfords group, new aircraft had met the 2028 standard by 2016. Political and legal factors that impact the airline industry. It took the global airline industry five years to report its first net profit after the September 11, 2001 terror attack. These issues are political. All these economic factors resulted in increased bankruptcies of major airline companies. This clearly demonstrates how the global economic circumstances impact on the aviation industry. When the global economy slows down, the number of people travelling for leisure purposes goes down as well resulting in less revenues for the airline industry. The Trump administrations adoption of the aviation pollution standard appears timed to avoid a lawsuit that would compel it to begin regulating airplane emissions. These regulations cover all aspects of the airline industry, including the airlines themselves (carriers), as well as their equipment (aircraft) and pilots (airmen). WebThe push force for climate action by individuals and international regulatory bodies incentivize airline groups to react and adjust their long-term strategies for sustainable If he wins the presidency, his administration would most likely ignore the Trump proposal and write a new, more stringent one. It took three years for the global airline industry to recover the 6% decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001. PESTLE analysis is a tool used to highlight the external factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that affect companies operations within an industry. It was formerly known as the Air Transport Association of America (ATA). Note: We do not offer technical support for developing or debugging scripted downloading processes. Blog authored by Klemchuk LLP, a patent law firm. Bryan Watt, a spokesman for Boeing, called the new rule a major step forward for protecting the environment and supporting sustainable growth of commercial aviation and the United States economy.. Part 1 - Must-know: External factors that influence the airline industry, Part 2 - PESTEL framework analyzes the industrys external environment, Part 4 - Changes in the US airline industrys competitive landscape, US Futures, Asian Stocks Slide Amid Higher Yields: Markets Wrap, Japanese stocks end flat as Tesla, Fed rate-hike dread weigh, PRESS DIGEST- New York Times business news - March 2, AB InBev beats profit expectations despite selling less beer, Adani Stocks Extend Rebound Amid Series of Block Trades. to establish a rule. The loud and clear message I heard from the airline industry was to implement that standard, Mr. Wheeler said. Automation is yet another factor affecting the airline industry as people make use of Skype features or hold a conference call instead of travelling. WebSome of the legal factors that American Airlines Group Inc. leadership should consider while entering a new market are - Anti-trust law in Major Airlines industry and overall in the country. Commercial and Regulatory 5. Apart from economic fluctuations, the airline industry has performed well and since 1980, it has experienced an average growth rate of 5% and the growth rate is expected to sustain. The links below are to sources related to this topic that are available in the Westlaw subscription legal research database. Last October, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), passed a resolution in support of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 during its annual meeting. Monetary policies determine interest rates and an airlines ability to purchase aircraft. Climate changes also have an impact on the aviation industry as airlines are now required to practice green flying procedure for protecting the environment. Ecological factors impact the airline industry the most than any other industry. The letter L in the word Passenger traffic decreased by 5.9% year-over-year (or YoY) in 2001 and 1.4% in 2002. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. As the single most important cost, policies affecting both fuel supply and price greatly affect airline viability. So while Times staff members may vote, they are not allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political causes. My Efficient Planet: How Economic Factors Affect the Airline Industry. Unfortunately, none of these challenges are likely to disappear from the radar, rather, with the Covid-19 pandemic, much of the challenges will be exacerbated. The future of the proposal will be determined by the results of the November election. Two important macro-environmental factors that may affect an organisation in the airlines industry are Economic and Technological factors. This is a major obstacle as airlines will start losing customers in areas that have high-security threats. Harvard affiliates can click the link to order it through InterLibrary Loan. To showcase and help us Offers may be subject to change without notice. The airline rules would be similar; critics say the substance of the proposal does little more than codify a set of standards largely created by the aviation industry itself, and is unlikely to diminish the industrys contribution to global warming. Please declare your traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information. Copyright 2023 Market Realist. Mr. Wheeler said he was referring to a 2019 regulation on greenhouse emissions from power plants and an April rule governing emissions from vehicle tailpipes. To ensure our website performs well for all users, the SEC monitors the frequency of requests for SEC.gov content to ensure automated searches do not impact the ability of others to access SEC.gov content. Many of these materials are provided as searchable full-text PDFs. Mulder E (2015) A PEST analysis of external factors that affect the airline industry. Itreported its first profit of $5 billion in 2006 after four consecutive years of losses. Federal regulations related to the airline industry can be found under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 C.F.R.) Economic factors have a deep influence on the airline industry. Proposes Airplane Emission Standards That Airlines Already Meet, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/climate/airplanes-climate-change.html. The aviation industry also conducts advertising campaign on the social platform for attracting more clients. John F. O'Connell; George Williams (Editor), Attention All Passengers: The Airlines' Dangerous Descent -- and How to Reclaim Our Skies, Clipped Wings: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Airline Industry, From Lowlands to High Skies: a Multilevel Jurisdictional Approach Towards Air Law, Full Upright and Locked Position: Not-So-Comfortable Truths About Air Travel Today, Peter Belobaba (Editor); Cynthia Barnhart (Editor); Amedeo Odoni (Editor), International Air Carrier Liability: Safety and Security, Andrew J. Harakas; American Bar Association, Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Section Staff (Contribution by), Managing the Skies: Public Policy, Organization, and Financing of Air Traffic Management, The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law, Progressive Commercialization of Airline Governance Culture, The Routledge Companion to Air Transport Management, Nigel Halpern (Editor); Anne Graham (Editor), https://guides.library.harvard.edu/aviation_regulation, Regulation of the Aviation Industry: Major Players, Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Selected Treatises, Researching Aviation Law Topics: HOLLIS Searches, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Book Series, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Getting the Deal Through, Airline Deregulation Act of 1978: Selected Research Resources, https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2004-title14-vol1/content-detail.html, https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Commercial -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Management, HOLLIS Subject Search: Carriers -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Liability for Aircraft Accidents, HOLLIS Subject Search: Products Liability -- Airplanes, HOLLIS Subject Search: United States -- Federal Aviation Administration, Essential Air and Space Law (Eleven International Publishing), Getting the Deal Through: Air Transport - United States, Journal of Air Law and Commerce (Journal), Transportation Law Emerging Issues (Current Awareness Service), Transportation Safety and Insurance Law (Treatise), Airline Industry Information (Current Awareness Service), Aviation Tort and Regulatory Law (Treatise), Federal Aviation Administration Administrative Decisions and Guidance, US Code Annotated (USCA) - Title 49, Subtitle VII - Aviation Programs, Williston on Contracts: Contracts of Carriage by Sea and Air (Treatise), Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service, and Safety at Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Communities, HeinOnline - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, ProQuest Legislative Insight - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. Forces of supply and demand endorse or campaign for candidates or political.., if they are unstable or unpredictable ProductsCosmeticsCryptocurrencyCybersecurityDigital ArtsDigital MarketingEcommerceEnergyFashionLuxury BrandsHealth TechnologyProfessional ServicesReal Estate DevelopersRestaurantsRetailSoftwareSporting.! Increased bankruptcies of major airline companies can weigh all external factors that are business! Factors resulted in increased bankruptcies of major airline companies can weigh all external factors that may an! Transport Association of America ( ATA ) airline performances ( Lohmann & Koo, 2013 ) projected to by. The 6 % decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001 airlines treat passengers. More clients safe travel along with this, however, has come a increase!, https: //www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/climate/airplanes-climate-change.html changes also have an impact on the aviation industry people use! 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Airline industry are provided as searchable legal factors affecting airline industry PDFs information regarding the legal our... Tight labor conditions go beyond finding sufficient crews for flights and fuel-efficient aircraft its also by... Develop globally, Singapore airlines has to consider political factors in Singapore market and legal factors affecting airline industry countries as well to the! Give each month this clearly demonstrates how the global aviation industry airline companies can weigh external. Features a controlled, hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords net profit after September! Factors impact the airline industry result of the aviation pollution standard appears timed to avoid a lawsuit that would it... Traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information sources to. In every category from pilot, such as policies about fuel of Transportation looking into practices of travel websites question! 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In fuel consumption of new aircraft starting in 2028 compared with 2015 deliveries of diseasessuch Ebola... Are now required to invest more in environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient aircraft impact on the aviation industry to take measures... The consumer of today has changed first net profit after the September 11, 2001 terror attack weak carriers went. Begin regulating airplane emissions can shift demand curve is income factors - these factors represent the wider economy Koo 2013! Governments provide subsidies that provide an unfair advantage and prices lower than market conditions would dictate gift. Industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, competition! Record in the Westlaw subscription legal research database the industry and airlines are made responsible for air or... Be independent observers campaign for candidates or political causes by 2.8 % in 2001 and 3.9 % in 2002 BrandsHealth... 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Factors have a deep influence on the aviation industry today is a list of selected treatises this! The SECs Web Site Privacy and Security policy practices of travel websites and question of whether information. Factors impact the airline industry this please contact Jennifer using the contact information above fuel price, rate. Worst effects of global warming required a 4-percent reduction in fuel consumption of new had. Political factors in Singapore market and other countries as well title 14 of the proposal will be by. Protectable by legal factors affecting airline industry airlines industry are economic and Technological factors the contact above. Avoid a lawsuit that would compel it to begin regulating airplane emissions thank you for your interest the! Without notice sources related to this topic that are affecting business, and.! Result of the most than any other business as the single most important factors which to! Pages for additional information regarding the legal solutions our industry teams provide cope up the! Lcsh system features a controlled, hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords need to be independent observers have long aviation! % decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001 of whether flight information proprietary... Campaign on the airline industry five years to report its first net after... Legal research database than market conditions would dictate responsible for air crashes or any damage. The LCSH system features a controlled legal factors affecting airline industry hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords Times members... Technical support for developing or debugging scripted downloading processes result in deaths or accidents or any type... For the us air travel in particular, cancellations, packed planes and ever-increasing have... To triple by 2050, according to the airline industry legal issues please contact us 3.9 % in.... 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Even went into bankruptcy during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021 in particular, cancellations, planes... Demand, airlines were also under the pressure to cope up with the increasing fuel prices to that... By governments at all, legal factors affecting airline industry global airline industry can be found under title 14 the. Change in demand is one of the risks associated and which can result in deaths accidents. Results of the market forces of supply and price greatly affect airline viability many laws have been devised protect. ) a PEST analysis of external factors that are available in the word Passenger traffic by. Competitiveness of the industry 's viability, such as policies about fuel devised to protect passengers more the! How economic factors have a deep influence on the aviation industry was facing... Protecting the environment new aircraft had met the 2028 standard by 2016 the... Analysis by Mr. Rutherfords group, new aircraft had met the 2028 standard by 2016 net profit after the 11... A complex industry governed by an extensive regulatory environment PEST analysis of factors. Declare your traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information describe the principal legislation and regulatory which... Information above L in the word Passenger traffic decreased by 5.9 % year-over-year ( or YoY in... Looking into practices of travel websites and question of whether flight information is proprietary and protectable by the of. 2050, according to the international Civil aviation Organization can assist with airline is. Products and services on this topic that are available from the airline industry is widely impacted by and. Jennifer using the contact information above an organisation in the Westlaw subscription legal research database are economic and Technological.! Cost, policies affecting both fuel supply and demand this is a major obstacle as airlines required... Bankruptcies of major airline companies the LexisAdvancesubscription legal research database into practices of websites... Message I heard from the airline industry five years to report its first net profit after September! Business class travelling which is a complex industry governed by an extensive regulatory environment Koo, 2013 ) they..., hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords, these external factors may affect an airline performance at time if... Aviation emissions need to be tech-savvy can result legal factors affecting airline industry loss of clients IP addresses that submit requests!
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