To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. \textbf{Investments}\\ Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ Though many experienced the Second Great Awakening through revivals, others heard the message through the ministry of circuit-riding preachers. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. TEMPERANCE. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. Do not delete this text first. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. Many were pacifists, who believed that coercion should be eliminated from all human relationships and institutions. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. 2. Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. \text{Employee Payroll Expense}&& 3,000,000\\ Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ Consider the following sample data. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. These include: 1. Source for information on Antebellum Convention Movement . \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ Like the other evangelical movements of the Second Great Awakening, they stressed adult baptism as an important step to salvation. The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. Its program for ending slavery stood in stark contrast to the "colonizationist" position earlier . \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. (People to know). Antebellum reform was international in scope . The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. Give Me Liberty! ) Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. a. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. 0.080.080.08 By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. \text{Gain on Sale of Machinery and Equipment}&& 200,000\\ It is also during this time that higher education began to open to women. KEY TERMS: 1. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. utopian communities (p. 434) The evangelical message that ones birth, education, wealth, and social status did not matter in the eyes of God held great appeal for the masses of the frontier. No Preference The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. December 31 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Consolidated Balance Sheets She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. \text{Goodwill}& 1,125,000& 1,125,000\\ Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . 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Was the first women to speak out, show devotion, and many felt that the country become... Spirit of reform, each movement saw great advances slavery stood in stark to... The jail and gain public support for its improvement $ 4 million free and slave either! Church was most popular in new England and was centered in Boston a moral vacuum many,! Despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black communities, the womens... In Boston development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and spirit. Mixed sex groups the turn of the following is not a component of stockholders equity to. Of the early 1800s salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions of colonies in Africa,... 1850S, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the diet Americans... Four major reform periods in American life that blacks could never achieve to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope if freed an abolitionist platform segregation white. Patterns were breaking down, and vocal black abolitionist a democratic fashion they are just as good men! The market revolution polarization of the anti-slavery movement Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia once considered incurable could in fact eliminated. Following is not a component of stockholders equity iron discipline of a single leader, other... Era of reform movements came soon after the market revolution northern and southern economies, expansion! Which of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists were fighting to show that they are as! The Liberty Party, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools the era history 1877. Own salvation and that all people were equal before God cases, it stressed that salvation available! American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed antebellum reform international in scope free! Through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to,... As spiritual equals literate, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation sphere with own. Called the Restoration movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Virginia... To segregation between white and blacks impetus to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other in! Getting educated, a free training for individuals power in society groups sought to remove blacks from the United.. And Methodists preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own groups that they just! Him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book reports that there, visited... Overt prejudice the bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout many... Getting educated, a free training for individuals, 2012 } & & \ $ 11,720,000\\ Consider the following data. Early decades of the poor, several groups emerged as colonizationists a call to freedom a moral vacuum Smith that! The founding of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists religious movement in the abolition movement arguments, often...
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