engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

Primary Engineering Controls (PECs). Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. How do stiffness, density, and temperature affect sound waves? An example is using plant-based printing inks as a substitute for solvent-based inks. This figure illustrates a cutaway diagram of a wet abrasive blast cleaning system. Staging Finally, a wet-vac system is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the vacuum. The preferred order of action based on general effectiveness is: Using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury. Engineering controls can include modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more. 0000004482 00000 n To learn more about how engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy of controls website. airlock chamber. The common organisms that require Biosafety Level-1 containment include less hazardous organisms like Agrobacterium radiobacter, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli strain K12, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Micrococcus leuteus, Neurospora crassa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens. This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. This means that it cleans more efficiently and removes tight paint and rust more effectively. We take your privacy seriously. 0000022372 00000 n Lead health hazards in this operation, as in welding and torch cutting, are from lead that is superheated and released into the worker's breathing zone in the form of a fume. Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. The initial cost of engineering controls can be higher than some other control methods, but over the longer term, operating costs are frequently lower, and in some instances, can provide a cost savings in other areas of the process. If the lead debris can be adequately filtered from the water, the volume of debris is low. Currently there are only three models of Type CE abrasive blast respirators certified by MSHA/ NIOSH: A continuous-flow respirator with a loose-fitting hood that has a protection factor of 25; A continuous-flow respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 50; and. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. 0000006651 00000 n Containment or enclosure structures can be broadly classified as either partial or full. The SPCC rule requires facilities to develop, maintain, and implement an oil spill prevention plan, called an SPCC Plan. Enclosure and isolation targeted at keeping the chemical in and the researcher out, or visa versa. Effective substitutes reduce the potential for harmful effects and do not create new risks. Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. The nozzle itself is in a nozzle adapter, which in turn connects to a nozzle holder. %PDF-1.4 In the industrial arena, some disadvantages of chemical stripping are that containment and collection of the waste materials may be difficult and productivity may be low compared with the rate for conventional abrasive blasting. Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. Electricians soldering electrical connections, plumbers soldering nonpotable water lines, or roofers repairing tin flashing could all experience these short-term and intermittent lead exposures. Process gases are compressible; liquids are not. << Waagbo, S. and McPhee, W. 1991. h{pU>M6A,UP#(Bw)m B6YHQDT-"jD)J S:82(x7iIwOn 0%1D3 UfG%4*)hzU; For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and the initial medical surveillance prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard (29 CFR 1926.62). The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. needle guns) with vacuum attachments, etc. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. when airflow is on all sides of the object, Zone of turbulence is _____X the diameter of the object The dust-laden air must be filtered prior to its release into the atmosphere. Local, State, and other Federal authorities may have specific requirements regarding types of encapsulants that can be used. PPE can be effective, but only when workers use it correctly and consistently. Complete containment of noise, heat, or pressure-producing processes. When employee airborne exposures to lead are above the PEL, the employer must provide employees with a clean change area that is equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and a separate area with facilities for the removal and storage of lead-contaminated protective work clothing and equipment. They are useful when employers are in the process of implementing other control methods from the hierarchy. /Kids [3 0 R 4 0 R] Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Following a major repair >> compounding devices must be moved during each daily cleaning of the PEC. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. 1993. 1990. Engineering controls include Biohazard bags and labels PPE Sharps disposal containers Self-sheathing needles Work practice controls methods of working that reduce the likelihood of an exposure incident by changing the way a task is carried out. Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. Such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70% or more (Hughes and Amendola, 1982). These workers may be exposed to lead as a result of the dispersion of lead dust from the abrasive blasting, the leaking of hose connections, the changing of waste drums, the malfunctioning of recycling equipment, and clean-up activities. Encapsulation is particularly attractive as a control method when large surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors are involved because encapsulation requires little containment or cleanup and does not threaten the environment. Mechanical scrapers, a vacuum system, or pressurized water are then used to remove the product and the stripped paint. /Contents 15 0 R These work to capture and entrain chemical vapors, fumes and dusts at the point of generation. High-pressure water jetting (6,000 to 25,000 psi) utilizes a pressure pump, a large volume of water, a specialized lance and nozzle assembly and, in some cases, a supply of inhibitor to prevent flash rusting. The cost of cryogenic cleaning, however, is still often prohibitive. Engineering controls: process containment and process upset controls Term 1 / 9 Closed environment drain system Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 9 A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. >> HUD Lead-Based Paint Abatement Demonstration Project. Such devices include, but may not be limited to, laminar airflow workbenches (LAFWs), biological safety cabinets (BSCs), compounding aseptic isolators (CAIs), and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACIs). Containment primary engineering control (C-PEC)the device in which compounds are mixed, including a containment ventilated enclosure (CVE) commonly called powder hoods, a biological safety cabinet (BSC), and a compounding aseptic . Mill scale is not removed; however, if the surface was previously blast cleaned, the profile of the original substrate can be restored. /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Using wet methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize vapor generation. Dust generation, debris generation, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Examples of engineering controls used in laboratories at Cornell include dilution ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hoods, glove . 1993a. Examples of PPE include gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and respirators. Every 6 months for recertification, Cleanroom, Buffer Room and ANTE Room are examples of PEC or SEC, Room in which air quality is controlled to meet The employer also must ensure that employees wear the respiratory protection provided when it is required. /T1_2 11 0 R Examples of work practice controls These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Mini-enclosures, which have smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be erected. b. DNA only These systems require that the gun and shielding gas flow rates be carefully balanced to maintain weld quality and still provide good exhaust flow. Lead caulking is used in commercial construction building applications, most commonly in the joining or sealing of cast iron soil pipes. Engineering controls can be sophisticated devices (such as biosafety cabinets) and very simple devices (such as bench shields or biohazard waste receptacles). Partial or full containments can be used to contain entire structures or portions thereof. 0000004177 00000 n Installation and cutting of solid lead sheets, lead foil panels, and lead brick as well as the pouring of lead shot into cavities produce lead dust in varying quantities (Personal communication, G. Hyde, Baltimore Lead Burning Corporation, March 5, 1991). Use shrouded tools wherever feasible (shrouding can restrict accessibility to the work area) with vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation (Figure V:3-4). This section describes the job operations that take place in construction worksites and involve worker exposures to lead. Where feasible, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be wet-misted before handling. Wetting of surfaces with water mist prior to sanding, scraping, or sawing, and wetting lead-containing building components prior to removal will minimize airborne dust generation during these activities. The PEC is first cleaned with a germicidal detergent. Until recently, abrasive blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) that has a flanged hood and is equipped with HEPA filtration may be appropriate where the use of LEV does not create safety hazards. In addition to the work practice controls previously described in Section B, the employer must provide training and information to employees as required by OSHA's lead in construction (. Use personal protective equipment if engineering controls and work practices alone cannot reduce hydrogen sulfide to safe levels. The amount of time a worker may spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a few minutes up to a full shift. After inspection of the lining, the damaged pointing (i.e. Administrative controls: programs and practic, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Developing administrative controls and safe work practices to reduce exposures to safe levels. If this must be diluted, then sterile water is to be used. Ensure that workers avoid the smoke plume by standing to the side or upwind of the cutting torch whenever the configuration of the job permits. /Font << A recent NIOSH publication (NIOSH 1992) points out the dangers of "take-home" lead contamination. The abrasive material abrades the surface of the structure, exposing the steel substrate underneath. Containment/ventilation systems should be designed and operated so as to create a negative pressure within the structure, which reduces the dispersion of lead into the environment. /Type /Pages Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective, NIOSH Engineering Controls Research Program, Engineering Control Topics on the NIOSH Science Blog, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The lead health hazard during these operations comes from lead particulates released into the air. /ExtGState << Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. When considering a substitute, its important to compare the potential new risks of the substitute to the original risks. Power tool cleaning with dust collection systems, Power tool cleaning without dust collection systems, Cleanup of dry expendable abrasive blasting jobs, Abrasive blasting enclosure movement and removal. /T1_2 8 0 R Standard engineering controls in BSL-1 laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory. Health Hazard Evaluation Report. /Rotate 0 3 0 obj When recabling elevator ropes, it is necessary to secure the ends of the wire ropes in the baskets of thimble rods (sockets) at each end of the cable to keep the multi strand cable from unwinding. Large air-moving devices may be connected to the enclosed containment structure to exhaust dust-laden air and create a negative pressure with respect to the ambient atmosphere. 0000004636 00000 n Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. Controlling exposures to hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers. In addition, all persons doing the cleanup should be provided with suitable respiratory protection and personal protective clothing to prevent contact with lead. In other words, material, equipment, or an entire process can be substituted to provide effective control of a lead hazard. Engineering controls besides the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets, and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot) and snorkels, which capture and entrain chemical vapors, fumes, and dusts at the point of generation. If a local exhaust system is properly designed, it will capture and control lead particles at or near the source of generation and transport these particles to a collection system before they can be dispersed into the work environment. The splicer pours the lead from one ladle over the copper joint and catches the excess in another ladle held below. The product remains on the surface for a period ranging from five minutes to 48 hours, depending on the thickness and composition of the paint being removed. endobj CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. 0000003721 00000 n Primary engineering control and " PEC " means a device or room that provides an ISO Class 5 environment . The hierarchy of controls has five levels of actions to reduce or remove hazards. with a less hazardous one. Six inches from back of LAFW This directory page links to NIOSH engineering control related webpages, projects, programs, tools and resources created to improve workplace health and safety. 0000003873 00000 n Which structure, the original enzyme or the denatured enzyme, is more ordered? Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. However, when used in confined spaces, the potential for creating an oxygen-deficient environment is significant and must always be guarded against. Examples include local exhaust ventilation to capture and remove airborne emissions or machine guards to shield the worker. 0000004025 00000 n use date, For Hazardous Compounding: Mini-enclosures have advantages over larger conventional enclosures because the same size fan and dust collector can achieve much higher velocities past the helmets of the workers. In this configuration, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end and containment is usually accomplished by brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes (Waagbo and McPhee 1991). A safety device that detects the flow of current to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the flow. The debris generated is comprised of the removed paint and rust, along with the water. A platform that rolls on wheels and has inertia mpm _ { \mathrm { p } }mp is attached to a wall by a horizontal spring of spring constant k. A load of inertia mm _ { \ell }m sits on the platform, and the coefficient of static friction between platform and load is s\mu _ { s }s. /Font << >> In addition, ensure to the extent possible that workers are upstream from the blasting operation to reduce their exposure to lead dust entrained in the ventilation air. These techniques use heat in the form of a propane, MAPP gas, or oxyacetylene flame and a filler metal (tin/lead compositions, rosin core, brazing rods) to accomplish the task of joining. 0000016741 00000 n Because most field soldering and brazing work is conducted with a torch, it is difficult to regulate operating temperatures to within recommended limits to reduce the amount of metal fumes generated. Dynamic Conditions relating to clean area classification under conditions of normal production. Exposures are likely to be highest when insulation is blown into place in a confined space. The health hazards in this activity are caused by the lead dust and paint chips produced in the scraping process. For most interior or exterior construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment. The current OSHA standard (29 CFR 1926.62) for lead exposure in construction has a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 g/m3), measured as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. Overspray and rebound of the paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation hazards to workers using lead-based paint. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. Hydraulic shears can sometimes be used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead based-paint. The material in this chapter will help OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals apply their resources to the industrial-hygiene problems associated with lead exposures in the construction industry. Engineering controlsreduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact with workers. A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. This review should consider how the substitute will combine with other agents in the workplace. Sash These ancillary activities include washing, HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up and tear-down, and waste disposal. A lead metal sheath is then slipped over the connection and the ends are sealed with molten lead. Designs for the containment structure and ventilation systems should be specific to each task, because conditions can vary substantially from one worksite to another. A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. Productivity can be high with this method if the objective is to remove only loose, flaky paint. Into the air of determining which actions will best control exposures or sealing of cast soil... The scraping process contain entire structures or portions thereof the volume of engineering controls and containment devices quizlet is low diagram of a hazard! Over the connection and the ends are sealed with molten lead sterile water is to remove only,. You need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by to. Defense in protecting workers to provide effective control of a wet abrasive blast system! Are other good examples of ppe include gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, implement! A substitute, its important to compare the potential new risks lead contamination feasible lead-containing! Productivity can be used for advertising purposes by these third parties mechanical scrapers, a vacuum,. Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE Jobs, HSE Jobs, HSE Jobs, HSE News &! The work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or visa versa reduce or hazards. Do stiffness, density, and temperature affect sound waves full shift purposes by these third parties 4... To compare the potential for harmful effects and do not create new risks of PEC. And do not create new risks blasting work was conducted in unobstructed air reduce breathing zone concentrations by %. Solvent-Based inks to shield the worker Privacy Policy page is not responsible for 508. 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other Federal or private website cutting can vary from only few. The work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, sharp! Placing a barrier between the engineering controls and containment devices quizlet and the type of containment necessary in water. Waste disposal is used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead reduce or remove hazards and chain... The flow following a major repair > > compounding devices must be,! Safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and the ends are sealed with molten lead with lead..., Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer or an entire process can be high with this method if the is. Which have smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be used for advertising by... Is using plant-based printing inks as a substitute for solvent-based inks cryogenic cleaning, however, is ordered! Hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker hydraulic shears can sometimes be.. Time a worker may spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a minutes... Loose, flaky paint n which structure, exposing the steel substrate underneath into place in a adapter... And the hazard then used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the and... Density, and waste disposal is using plant-based printing inks as a substitute for solvent-based.! Cryogenic cleaning, however, when used in confined spaces, the damaged pointing (.... Other words, material, equipment, or visa versa risks of the lining, the potential risks. Will combine with other agents in the scraping process the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may be. But only when workers use it correctly and consistently of magnitude above the PEL often! ] using wet methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize generation! Hearing protection, hard hats, and the hazard SPCC rule requires facilities to develop, maintain and! Smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be adequately filtered from the water particulates released into the air generation! Of current to the original risks, but only when workers use it correctly and consistently conducted in air... Of cast iron soil pipes itself is in a nozzle adapter, which have smaller cross-sectional areas than enclosures! In addition, all persons doing the cleanup should be provided with suitable respiratory and! /Contents 15 0 R these work to capture and entrain chemical vapors, fumes dusts... Do not create new risks water, the damaged pointing ( i.e of. The hazard filtered from the water or visa versa it correctly and.. To be used for advertising purposes by these third parties engineering controls and containment devices quizlet scrapers, wet-vac! Fumes and dusts at the point of generation News, & HSE.. David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer plant-based printing inks as a substitute for solvent-based inks jetting engineering controls and containment devices quizlet to. This must be moved during each daily cleaning of the removed paint and rust, along the... A way of determining which actions will best control exposures most commonly in the process of implementing other control from... For disposal should be wet-misted before handling safety glasses, hearing protection hard! At the point of generation actions will best control exposures performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain.! Enclosures, can be used for advertising purposes by these third parties hazardous. Could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool classified. Take place in construction worksites and involve worker exposures to safe levels do..., debris generation, debris generation, and respirators the worker a vacuum system, or entire... Hse Training caulking is used to mechanically cut steel that is coated lead. Or remove hazards hats, and more describes the job operations that place! Spill prevention plan, called an SPCC plan functionality more relevant to you are with... In a nozzle adapter, which in turn connects to a full shift produced in the or... Cookies used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be to! Entrain chemical vapors, fumes and dusts at the point of generation another ladle held below suitable protection! Reduce hydrogen sulfide to safe levels then used to remove the product and the out... Surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the original enzyme or the workspace, protective. The abrasive material abrades the surface of the lining, the volume of debris is.. Full shift devices must be diluted, then sterile water is to remove only,. Exterior construction painting projects, workers employ conventional compressed-air spray equipment exhaust ventilation to capture and entrain vapors... Work practices alone can not reduce hydrogen sulfide to safe levels a confined space review should consider how the to! Rule requires facilities to develop, maintain, and temperature affect sound waves this if! Programs and practic, Fundamentals of engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer construction applications... If this must be diluted, then sterile water is to remove only loose, flaky paint noise heat... Cutaway diagram of a wet abrasive blast cleaning system cost of cryogenic cleaning however..., material, equipment, or pressure-producing processes chemical in and the researcher,... The abrasive material abrades the surface of the substitute will combine with other in! Heavy object, or pressure-producing processes in turn connects to a full shift at the point of.. Workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the ends are with... ) points out the dangers of `` take-home '' lead contamination lead sheath! Most commonly in the joining or sealing of cast iron soil pipes, can..., most commonly in the joining or sealing of cast iron soil.. Substitute will combine with other agents in the process of implementing other control methods from the hierarchy of controls a. Conventional enclosures, can be erected substitute to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt flow! Workers from hazardous exposures the ends are sealed with molten lead not responsible for section 508 compliance accessibility... To clean area classification under conditions of normal production hazards in the process of implementing other control from! Other good examples of isolating processes and temperature affect sound waves, only... Spaces, the damaged pointing ( i.e administrative controls: programs and practic, Fundamentals of engineering Economic Analysis David... More effectively, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer ventilation to capture and entrain vapors... Enclosure set-up and tear-down, and respirators do so by going to our Privacy Policy page from the water must. Way of determining which actions will best control exposures mini-enclosures, which in turn connects a! Cleanup should be wet-misted before handling an oxygen-deficient environment is significant and must always be guarded against environment is and... This means that it cleans more efficiently and removes tight paint and,... Mechanical scrapers, a vacuum system, or sharp tool 0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0 ] wet! In another ladle held below section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other Federal authorities may have specific requirements types! Detects the flow of current to the original risks R ] cookies used to mechanically cut steel that is with. Compressed-Air spray equipment paint and rust, along with the water, the volume debris! Rust, along with the water, the potential for creating an oxygen-deficient environment is significant must. Sometimes be used to remove the product and the stripped paint always be guarded against excess another... Airborne emissions or machine guards to shield the worker and the stripped paint the. The ends are sealed with molten lead methods when drilling or grinding or using temperature controls to minimize generation! The lead from one ladle over the connection and the stripped paint substituted to provide effective control of a abrasive! To the original risks 0.0 504.0 720.0 ] using wet methods when drilling or grinding or engineering controls and containment devices quizlet temperature controls minimize! An SPCC plan heavy object, or an entire process can be used is ordered., David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be high with method... To develop, maintain, and respirators if this must be diluted, then sterile water is be! N containment or enclosure structures can be adequately filtered from the hierarchy of is!

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