e. Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government. The Legislature shall pass laws regulating the manner of removing county seats, but no county seat situated within five miles of the geographical centre of the county shall be removed, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the voters voting on the subject. JUDICIAL POWER VESTED IN COURTS; LEGISLATIVE POWER REGARDING COURTS. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Amended Nov. 2, 1954, and Nov. 2, 1999.) JUDICIAL DISTRICTS; DISTRICT JUDGES; TERMS OR SESSIONS; ABSENCE, DISABILITY, OR DISQUALIFICATION OF DISTRICT JUDGE. Would this warranty be as important an evaluative criterion today as it was a decade ago? Which idea is contained in both the US and Texas Constitutions? The Privileges and Immunities Clause requires interstate protection of "privileges and immunities," preventing each state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. 9A. Justice of the peace courts shall have original jurisdiction in criminal matters of misdemeanor cases punishable by fine only, exclusive jurisdiction in civil matters where the amount in controversy is two hundred dollars or less, and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law. Since 1876, the legislature has proposed hundreds of amendments, the majority of which have been adopted by voters. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. The Luther v. Borden ruling left the responsibility to establish guidelines for the republican nature of state governments in the hands of the Congress. REMOVAL OF COUNTY OFFICERS. (b) Each district judge shall be elected by the qualified voters at a General Election. (13-a) The Commission may accept complaints or reports, conduct investigations, and take any other action authorized by this section with respect to a candidate for an office named in Subsection (6)(A) of this section in the same manner the Commission is authorized to take those actions with respect to a person holding that office. If such district or districts are created, they may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation of taxable property within the district; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. Thus the Congress, utilizing the discretion allowed by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status for all newly admitted states. COUNTY COURTS: JURISDICTION; COUNTY JUDGE POWERS; DISQUALIFICATION OF COUNTY JUDGE. A jury in the County Court shall consist of six persons; but no jury shall be empaneled to try a civil case unless demanded by one of the parties, who shall pay such jury fee therefor, in advance, as may be prescribed by law, unless the party makes affidavit that the party is unable to pay the jury fee. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. The County Court has jurisdiction as provided by law. (d) A District Court shall conduct its proceedings at the county seat of the county in which the case is pending, except as otherwise provided by law. (Feb. 15, 1876. ), (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 28: See Appendix, Note 3.). This clause was added to the clause that provided extradition for fugitives from justice.[4]. Any person holding such office may be disciplined or censured, in lieu of removal from office, as provided by this section. Article 8 of the Texas Constitution deals with taxation and revenue. The Legislature may establish such other courts as it may deem necessary and prescribe the jurisdiction and organization thereof, and may conform the jurisdiction of the district and other inferior courts thereto. REMOVAL OF COUNTY SEATS. (Feb. 15, 1876. 1-a. (13-a) added Nov. 2, 2021.) The County Court shall hold at least four terms for both civil and criminal business annually, as may be provided by the Legislature, or by the Commissioners Court of the county under authority of law, and such other terms each year as may be fixed by the Commissioners Court; provided, the Commissioners Court of any county having fixed the times and number of terms of the County Court, shall not change the same again until the expiration of one year. 4 of Comanche County, Texas. When, as a result of a change of precinct boundaries, a vacancy occurs in the office of Justice of the Peace or Constable, the Commissioners Court shall fill the vacancy by appointment until the next general election. c. Why is some risk diversifiable? Portion of the US Constitution regarding states, Article Four of the United States Constitution, Smith, Thomas A. (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article IX of this constitution, if a hospital district was created or authorized under a constitutional provision that includes a description of the district's boundaries or jurisdiction, the legislature by law may authorize the district to change its boundaries or jurisdiction. (Feb. 15, 1876. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Sec. Article IV addresses something different: the states' relations with each other, sometimes called "horizontal federalism." Its first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires every state, as part of a single nation, to give a certain measure of respect to every other state's laws and institutions. Established the Permanent School Fund, Places limits on the raising and spending of public funds, Authorizes the Texas Legislature to create county governments, Specifics regarding local governments, including empowering them to tax, and how to charter cities, Specifics regarding public businesses, including how they would be regulated, Article 13: Spanish and Mexican Land Titles, Specifics on which land with previous claims would become state property, Established the Land Office which regulated land titles, Specifics on how to remove a public official from office, Miscellaneous regulations, ie., forbidding the legislature from printing money, forbidding U.S. public officials from holding a state office, Article 17: Mode of Amending the Constitution of this State. 4 OF COMANCHE COUNTY. Plan Your Visit to the National Archives Museum, Browse Revolutionary Era Classroom Activities. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Constitution of 1845 included which of the following elements? CREATION AND MODIFICATION OF COUNTIES. (b) If any such district is created, it may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation of taxable property within the district; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. Some contend that the clause requires Congress to treat all citizens equally. The maximum rate of tax may be changed at subsequent elections so long as obligations are not impaired, and not to exceed the maximum limit of seventy-five cents (75) per One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation, and no election shall be required by subsequent changes in the boundaries of the Commissioners Precinct No. The current constitution took effect on February 15, 1876. The judicial power of this State shall be vested in one Supreme Court, in one Court of Criminal Appeals, in Courts of Appeals, in District Courts, in County Courts, in Commissioners Courts, in Courts of Justices of the Peace, and in such other courts as may be provided by law. 18: See Appendix, Note 3.). If the tax is authorized by the legislature and approved by the voters of the area to be taxed, the Amarillo Hospital District shall, by resolution, assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of Randall County in accordance with Subsection (a) of this section and, except as provided by this subsection, Randall County may not levy taxes or issue bonds for hospital purposes or for providing hospital care for needy inhabitants of the county. Upon an order for involuntary retirement for disability or an order for removal, the office in question shall become vacant. (e) amended, Subsec. 2. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. Justices of the peace shall be ex officio notaries public. 3-c. License: CC BY: Attribution. (c) A majority of the total membership of the board constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business. COUNTY COURT; COUNTY JUDGE. 7. Amended Nov. 7, 1978, and Nov. 5, 1985.). Commissioners may succeed themselves in office only if having served less than three (3) consecutive years. The act which consummated her admission into the Union was something more than a compact; it was the incorporation of a new member into the political body. For more information about UELMA, please see the council . Directors shall serve without compensation for a term fixed by the Legislature not to exceed six (6) years, shall be selected on the basis of the proportionate population of each county based upon the last preceding Federal Census, and shall be residents of such county. However, the Supreme Court, in Texas v. White (1869), held that a state cannot unilaterally do so. The Governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. restrict the power of the government in order to keep any governor from being as powerful as Edmund J. Davis, who served under the Reconstruction Constitution of 1869. in Article 1 of the Constitution, demonstrating the authors' commitment to limiting the way political power is used to keep it from being abused. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. What happens to the standard deviation of return for a portfolio if we increase The County Commissioners so chosen, with the County Judge as presiding officer, shall compose the County Commissioners Court, which shall exercise such powers and jurisdiction over all county business, as is conferred by this Constitution and the laws of the State, or as may be hereafter prescribed. Sec. LEGAL CHALLENGES TO CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATE STATUTES. Sec. The Legislature shall have power to create counties for the convenience of the people subject to the following provisions: (1) Within the territory of any county or counties, no new county shall be created with a less area than seven hundred square miles, nor shall any such county now existing be reduced to a less area than seven hundred square miles. (b) The Legislature may by law permit the County of Comanche to render financial aid to that District by paying a part of the expenses of operating and maintaining the system and paying a part of the debts of the District (whether assumed or created by the District) and may authorize the levy of a tax not to exceed ten cents (10) per One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation (in addition to other taxes permitted by this Constitution) upon all property within the County but without the County Commissioners Precinct No. 6 Article 8 of the Texas Constitution deals with taxation and revenue. 9. Revision and Adaptation. The Legislature may confer original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to issue writs of quo warranto and mandamus in such cases as may be specified, except as against the Governor of the State. No new counties shall be created so as to approach nearer than twelve miles of the county seat of any county from which it may in whole or in part be taken. 14 added Nov. 6, 2001.) During the constitutional convention held November 1865. fundamental freedoms and rights were granted to newly free former slaves. It was feared that the political power of future new western states would eventually overwhelm that of the established eastern states. ). Sec. When the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Court of Appeals, or any member of any of those courts shall be thus disqualified to hear and determine any case or cases in said court, the same shall be certified to the Governor of the State, who shall immediately commission the requisite number of persons learned in the law for the trial and determination of such cause or causes. 5b. Texas voters later decide whether to adopt the proposed amendments. Sec. This clause, commonly known as the "Property Clause" or "Territorial Clause", grants Congress the constitutional authority for the management and control of all territories or other property owned by the United States. The Master shall have all the power of a District Judge in the enforcement of orders pertaining to witnesses, evidence, and procedure. Its orders for the attendance or testimony of witnesses or for the production of documents at any hearing or investigation shall be enforceable by contempt proceedings in the District Court or by a Master. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 4, 1930, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001.) By the 1840s, only 40% of the state's free white males were enfranchised. Sec. (c) Should the Legislature enact enabling laws in anticipation of the adoption of this amendment, such Acts shall not be invalid because of their anticipatory character. In 1912, Luther was reaffirmed in Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Co. v. Section 3. The accused cannot defend himself against the charges in the extraditing state; the fugitive must do so in the state receiving him. (5)-(9) and (11)-(13) amended Nov. 3, 1970; Subsecs. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. 2. (Added Nov. 6, 2001.) In other words, there is no one government official who is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. Article 4 of the Texas Constitution creates a plural executive, stating that there are ___ distinct offices in the executive branch. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. b. B. He shall receive as compensation for his services such fees and perquisites as may be prescribed by law. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress. Article 4 of the Texas Constitution creates a plural executive, stating that there are ___ distinct offices in the executive branch. The Legislature may authorize the governing body of any county bordering on the Gulf of Mexico or the tidewater limits thereof to regulate and restrict the speed, parking and travel of motor vehicles on beaches available to the public by virtue of public right and the littering of such beaches. The previous six were the 1827 Constitution of the State of Coahuila and Tejas, the 1836Constitution of the Republic of Texas,and different versions of the constitution of Texas for the years 1845, 1861, 1866, and 1869. (Added Nov. 2, 1948; Subsecs. Sec. 27: See Appendix, Note 3.). Sec. 29. This site works best with JavaScript enabled. 9: See Appendix, Note 1.). JUDICIAL DISTRICTS BOARD; REAPPORTIONMENT OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. (Feb. 15, 1876. CREATION AND FUNDING OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN CITY OF AMARILLO, WICHITA COUNTY, AND JEFFERSON COUNTY. When, pending the trial of any case, one or more jurors not exceeding three, may die, or be disabled from sitting, the remainder of the jury shall have the power to render the verdict; provided, that the Legislature may change or modify the rule authorizing less than the whole number of the jury to render a verdict. (Feb. 15, 1876. Texas utilizes a "plural executive" which means the power of the Governor are limited and distributed amongst other executive officials. (Feb. 15, 1876. The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires states to extend "full faith and credit" to the public acts, records and court proceedings of other states. 4 of Comanche County. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 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