This horror-movie trope just isn't real. You'll notice that the corpse starts losing its teeth from the mouth. These stages include Hypostasis, Algor Mortis, Rigor Mortis, and Putrefaction. In other states they have separate licenses for funeral directors and embalmers. It's delicate work. What does a dead body look like if you open casket after10 years? So what happens during embalming? As they melt away, they will burn through the clothes and fabric. The deceased will start to turn red as the gasses accumulate in the organs during this stage. I do not enjoy the look of them, so I don't use them. Sometimes anything is better than the last memory a person was left with. Embalming within this timeframe will ensure that the body doesnt get too far into the decaying process. While you can get about three weeks of preservation from embalming, refrigeration often lasts much longer. Caskets help preserve the bodies of the deceased for an extended period. There are several signs . Truth be told, we're never quite ready for the death of someone in our family. DEAD BODIES SIT UP ON THE MEDICAL TABLE. We know it, we despise it, it's a little thing called death. When you bottle that up so that it can't get out. Fluid is suctioned from the hollow organs with an instrument called a trocar, then a high-index (very strong) fluid is placed into the cavity and the incision is closed with a small circular plastic button like device referred to as a trocar button. These knobs are adjusted differently during embalming for each case to create the optimum rate of injection for the body. 1 month after death the body starts to liquify. All that is now left of the cadaver is just dry skin, bones and cartilage. In this blog, we provide helpful information about funerals and funeral regulations in different areas of US. At Mount Auburn, Harvey says disinterment fees range from $750 to . Like every other aspect of dying, it can be costly. SOMETIMES PACEMAKERS EXPLODE, TOO. Oct 13. . These boxes are typically more expensive than non-sealed ones due to the extra supplies and effort to design them. Follow. If they do exist, I'm sure they could think of better places to be than haunting me at the funeral home ;). Family members who gather at a Texas funeral home to mourn the death of 38-year-old Robert Cavazos Jr. reeled in horror when the dead man's corpse suddenly exploded, according to their shocking lawsuit. Is the body still a person or just a human body? People can purchase caskets that offer sealing as well, unlike regular caskets. All of your favorite parts have been gone for decades, and the bits that are left aren't much to look at. This accumulation of gases in the bodys cavity causes abdominal distention giving the cadaver (corpse) the bloated appearance. Last I checked the cremation rate in the US was around 40% (and many of the people choosing this option are not embalmed). The force of the blast ripped open Cavazos' cement-lined coffin and filled the . (Michael jackson body in casket photo). It was one of my favorite shows! Some things, though, are generally universal: skin color shifts from red to blue, and bloating and swelling become more noticeable. To go to the menu, press this button . What Happens To A Dead Body In A Tomb? What do you want to know. Embalming won't make a substantial difference 50 years down the road. Is it true that they have to 'wire' people's jaws shut, and put 'velcro' contact lenses in people's eyes, and stuff their cheeks with cotton wool? As the body begins to liquefy, the internal organs arent the only facets of the body affected; even the skin will begin to decay during this stage. The process of decay will be significantly slowed in a casket. So the answer is, of course ;). By 50 years in, your tissues will have liquefied and disappeared, leaving behind mummified skin and tendons. A dead body begins the decomposition process in different phases. You may attract some weird looks in your direction if you happen to ask someone what happens to a body in a casket over time?. After the first stage, the ruptured cells will begin to produce gasses that cause the body to bloat. What is the most drastic repair work you have had to do and have you ever found this distressing to do or can you just zone out and focus on the task at hand regardless? In order to survive, bacteria need oxygen and are found in large concentrations in water. Once the above stage is concluded, the body will begin to enter the phase of active decay. An embalmed body usually lasts in a coffin for up to 10 years, but can last from 3 to 100 years, depending on the: Skill of the embalmer. What Happens in the Process of Decomposition? On the other hand, internal examination involves incision and removing organs for detailed observations. 1. Likewise, Mummification is a decomposition phase where a body decomposes due to wind or dehydration. 8-10 days postmortem: the body turns from green to red as blood decomposes and gases . The tubes are then removed, the vein and artery tied off and the incision is sutured. While the body lay in state in Memphis days earlier , the wound in King's neck was still visible, and many mourners reportedly kissed and touched King . So removing the blood would be a violation of their beliefs. There are far too many variables to make an accurate assumption of the time factor it takes for an embalmed body to last within a coffin. It is difficult, but it's a labor of love. As mentioned earlier, embalming is a preservation process that helps the body stay put for extended periods. We also use cotton to fill out hollow cheeks or give the appearance of teeth to those who have none, or are missing a few. A recently deceased person will be taken to the coroner for a post-mortem which involves two parts, external and internal examination. Typically the viewing takes place a few days after death. Embalming is usually selected when there's a public viewing followed by a burial (or cremation). After the discovery the body must be transported to the morgue. Eventually, we grow so old and our bodies break down so much that they just kind of shut off. She took my hand and said, "Thank you, she's so beautiful, she looks like she could get up and dance.". #5. . This stage is the hardest to categorize in terms of timeline as it takes place at significantly different times based on the body. The dead body's soft tissues decay with time, and the inner skeleton reveals its appearance. Go ahead, ask me anything So the decomposition may differ depending on the burial conditions. Algor and Rigor stages also occur within the first 24 hours when the body cools down and becomes stiff. Most will agree that skeletonization doesnt start until about four to six months after death, though it can take years for this process to begin. The woman who was in the casket was later identified to be 20 years younger than Kim, and also had her own teeth, WNBC reported. Before embalming, an embalmer will remove the deceased from the refrigerated unit and clean the body with a disinfectant or formaldehyde spray. Most deceased bodies are pretty much in-tact with hair, nails, skin and even facial hair after 10,20, 30 years. A set of funeral icons that include editable strokes or outlines using the EPS vector file. Jenn Park-Mustacchio:I spend my time with dead bodies, cleaning them and preparing them for funerals. Hi there! The infamous mausoleum. At about a decade after being placed in a casket and buried, the fat contained in a body's buttocks and thighs turns to what is described as a soap-like substance. Experts in the field of biology and decomposition . When a death occurs, not only do we need to manage our strong emotions, but we also have to make the funeral arrangements. Decaying depends on the waters temperatures. At one point in the evening on July 3rd, a small mortician in a dark suit arrived at the apartment. Funeral guides, tips on saving money, funeral products, funeral services comparison, and many more are all you need to know to arrange meaningful funerals for loved ones. There are also trade magazines and private funeral forums where we discuss issues. The organs are also treated separately and placed back into the cavity post embalming. It's strictly the choice of the family. It's long past the days when anyone is going to see your face anyway, unless you're exhumed or grave robbed for some reason, but if they did catch a glimpse, they certainly wouldn't be able to recognize you. The body of Ghana soccer player Christian Atsu has been repatriated after he was found dead in his collapsed apartment building in the Turkey earthquake By Associated Press Feb. 20, 2023 I quickly fumbled for the lights and, upon turning them on, figured out that the noise was coming from the occupied stretcher. Blood-containng foam begins leaking from mouth and nose. The lawsuit alleges the other family was never told about the mix . It makes total sense to rob the grave of a woman you barely know!) The Murder of Malcolm X and 55 Years to Justice; Homegrown . Playing next. But, "what if I'm embalmed?" However, you also don't want to put yourself and your family in a bad financial 10 Popular Sympathy Plants for a Funeral & Their Meaning. It's dried out and wrapped nicely around your skeleton like a mummified cocoon. Most embalmings happen within the first day of death, sometimes stretching to two days if necessary. Upwards of 2.8 million people die every year in the United States. This is the stage where rigor mortis will begin to set in. A casket wont protect a body forever, and even with a sealed casket, the human body will continue to decay. Ensure the hearse, overland carrier, or container truck is ready to pick the remains up after the exhumation. When a persons heart stops pumping blood to the body, the cells and tissues are denied oxygen and rapidly start dying. The page ends with "Death is a mystery but burial a secret." Preparing a funeral isn't easy, and there are so many things to take care of besides dealing with your grief. What a body looks like after 50 years in a coffin - NSFL : WTF source . It begins with discolorations along the abdominal wall skin (also known as the 1st visible sign of putrefaction). There is no delicate way in which to describe this state of affairs. Over time, whether in a casket or out in the open, a body will begin to decompose. To view it, confirm your age. And if a dead body is inside a coffin and buried deep underground, it could even take 50 years to decompose all tissues on the body. 2. As a funeral director who heads a university mortuary science program, I can tell you that while each individual's life . If not, you'll revert to the soil to nurture new life for years to come. If conditions are right, you'll become a fossil to be excavated by future generations. This is what happens to your meat suit after half a century in a pine box. Scavenging and putrefaction creatures dismember the corpse in one or two weeks, and this eventually sinks the bones. This is a pretty unusual topic, so read on and you might just learn something new! The photo was probably sold by one of the paparazzi in the Paris tunnel with her at the time of her fatal car crash. 6:31. During this stage you will start to notice a rotten smell as the body initiates the decaying process. Grave wax is produced by decomposing body fat when the deceased has been in the casket for at least 10 years. This is a sign that the nutrients in the surrounding soil are yet to resume to their normal levels. Overall, caskets can help significantly slow down the process of decomposition, but they cannot stop it. Here in NJ you are only required to be embalmed if you're being transported across state lines. For instance, a corpse will undergo self-digestion or Autolysis, which is the first decomposition phase. At 50 years in, your tissues will have liquefied and disappeared, leaving mummified skin and tendons. 1- How do you keep up to date with current techniques? Massive decomposition of organs in abdomen accumulate massive gas; body turns from green to red because of blood decomposition. Kim Jong-nam's body embalmed to halt decomposition. Most bodies go through this process before burial. These conditions can make it more difficult for the mortician to be able to move and position the body of the deceased as needed. For the most part, if we're at a funeral, we don't really want to think about what happens to a body once it's put in the ground and left to rot.Dead bodies in coffins have fascinated various cultures around the world, and they have given birth to tales of vampires, zombies, and people being buried alive. However, upon unzipping the cover, I found a tape recorder (that I later found out was playing a Buddhist chant). All of this happens before active decay begins. That's was 36 years after he was buried! In reality, you have no nerves or tissues left that allow you to feel anything because your gut bacteria has ruined just about everything. Enzymes develop in the body, which eats body cells. 3- Related to the above, have you ever been really moved by something you've seen? By Associated Press Reporter 05:00 21 Nov 2012, updated 05:53 28 Nov 2012 Useful? I suit up in personal protective equipment (a gown, apron, shoe covers, gloves etc) and evaluate the person to decide how I will proceed. How quickly the materials break down. Even a heavy weighted body floats to the surface after 3 . The bloating phase is what morticians try to put off for as long as possible with the help of embalming fluid. According to new research, the dead may not always rest in peace quite literally. When a carcass is on the soil, you will notice that the surrounding vegetation also dies. This particular experience was both enlightening and frightening! Since there is no blood pumping round the body, the blood in the body at that time is drained to the dependent body portions under gravity, and this creates livor mortis. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. I'm Alex Noel and live in Indianapolis, Indiana. Grave wax (aka adipocere) is a waxy substance that will form on the parts of your body with fat (abdomen, cheeks, breasts, and buttocks). It comes with the luxury of being alive. Server responsed at: 03/02/2023 12:55 p.m. Due to all the factors involved in decomposition, theres no direct answer for how long it will take. It's common to have lots of questions surrounding the . On top of all this, there is a terrible smell that comes from the release of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide (which has a rotten egg smell) and some traces of mercaptans. The machine is switched on and the fluid begins to move through the hose, through the arterial tube and into the body. This, in turn, creates the perfect conditions for anaerobic organism proliferation. Embalmed bodies typically only last about a week before the decomposition process begins again. Death is an irreversible cessation where you finally reside after your life on earth. Our body undergoes various biological changes after death. After 1 month, the corpse enters the fourth stage of decomposition, which may continue for decades. Top 5 Facts About Body Decomposition. During this stage, decomposition is highly inhibited because there is no cadaveric material. From there, we search for the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. Luckily, we have the technology to figure out what happens. The Body Farm - Study of Human Decomposition. All we had to was get the casket out of the vault, and the funeral directors took care of the rest. This process starts with autolysis or self-digestion and the body starts to bloat. My father has always had an interest in the death care industry and the afterlife and I guess it rubbed off on me as a small child. Furthermore, the embalmer injects formaldehyde-based chemicals into the body and completes the embalming process. Depending on what was done to the body before burial and in what condition it was buried in, the state of a decomposed body . Autolysis is the release of cellular enzymes that initiate breakdown of tissues and cells. Keith Allen, the director of the controversial film, "Unlawful Killing," is interviewed today by the UK Daily Mail regarding his decision to include in the "documentary" a previously unseen and graphic black and white photo of Princess Diana as she lay dying August 31, 1997. The embalming process has become an integral part of open-casket funerals. maxresdefault.jpg source . However, the teeth and bones can last even for a hundred years if the soil is not highly acidic and warm. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Once the organs have liquified, the insides will become acidic. The slowing of decay is the reason why you will often find bodies placed inside refrigerators in the morgue. During this stage the corpse loses most of its weight as the organs start to atrophy and disappear. The . Certain religions do not embalm (Jewish and Muslim are the two that come to mind immediately). Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The device under the eye is actually a serrated plastic eye cap that helps keep the eye closed. However, we usually don't need to use anything under the eyelid at all. Have you ever worked on a friend or relative, or would you ask a colleague to do that? Is it necessary to allow viewing without extreme distress? The little oxygen left in the body is quickly depleted by aerobic microbes and cellular metabolism naturally present in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. But. The decay affects all parts, including bones, organs, and even hair. Iwork for $7.40 an hour at Burger King. When I was an intern, I was super careful and very aware that any mistake I made could potentially affect the grieving process of the deceased friends and loved ones, so I always consulted with senior funeral directors if I was unsure of what to do or how to proceed with difficult cases. Most coffins decompose. However, the underground pressure can cause the coffin to be squished or distorted, making it difficult toopencasket if you need to in a few years. Where the casket is interred, i.e. This phase is Adipocere, often occurring during the 3rd or 4th week after the deceased person has been buried in the earth. Answering the question of how does look like the body in casket after 5 years, there are four primary stages of decomposition, which may also include mummification due to environmental conditions. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. As soon as your body expires, it releases urine and feces because the muscles holding those fluids back are no longer tense. MORE STORIES; Mother of Hector 'Macho' Camacho wails over her son's dead body on display at open-casket wake in Puerto Rico. At this point the body will begin to disintegrate over time. The fluids that have been purged accumulate around the body resulting in a CDI (Cadaver Decomposition Island). The decomposition process may also include Adipocere and Mummification if the body is under specific environmental conditions after being buried. Your brain is one of the first parts of your body to break down. Thats the only way we can improve. The environment provided by a dead body changes with time. The loss of a dead bodys mass comes about as a result of maggot feeding and decomposition fluid purging to the surrounding environment. Since I'm a trade embalmer, I don't handle the first call or transport of a deceased person (although I've previously done both). The best compliment I got was from a woman whose daughter died of bone cancer. Carpe diem! However, after about 5 years, they were retrieved as a recognizable skeleton. One was buried 25 years and the other about 19 years . They believe the body should be buried with all it's components. Just wondered how you view the subject of ghosts and all the other cliches connected with graveyards? Not only will the process of decomposition have already begun, but rigor mortis will have set in strongly. During this stage, you may notice plant growth resurgence around the CDI. It has left me with absolutely zero belief in ghosts,and a quiet and calm acceptance of death as a natural process. Discharged veterans get special treatment. You probably stink a little, and it's a mess to clean up. However, if the doctors have no history of the patient, a post-mortem is the preferred process. I did two exhumations on 2 bodies at two separate locations. In this case, the embalmed or refrigerated body will last about a week before it loses the appropriate appearance required for an open-casket service. This keeps most bugs and animals from entering the casket. I guess if call myself agnostic. (Prabhakaran daughter dead body photos wallpapers). In waters like the Arabian Sea (tropical waters), the story is different. After the proliferation of microbial, is the second decomposition stage which is called bloat. My goal is to provide Americans a more fulfilling goodbye. Some are embalmed and lying inside a casket, the lids open to prevent mold and to keep the body cool, awaiting an open-casket funeral or viewing. However, if you open a casket after 10 years, you might witness Adipocere, where the body undergoes a chemical reaction and releases a soap-like substance (grave wax). Next, I gently flex the arms, legs and fingers to relieve the muscle tension or stiffness of rigor mortis. You may also witness foam in certain parts of the body. The rest of the process may reveal white gaps, semen emission, and regurgitation in the body. After such an extended period, most traces of the body will have been extinguished. As the embalming fluid is pushed through the arterial system, the blood is forced out through the jugular vein. Advertisements. What makes for a really good day at work? This stage begins to take place about three to five days after the person dies. You sure seem to have a lot of questions for this lowly mortician. If a man dies and he didn't shave that day, do you shave him? To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Great article/interview, very interesting. Dom, very interesting! Dead bodies inside caskets undergo four stages, including active decay and skeletonization. It is possible to set the features (close the eyes and mouth) and cosmetize the deceased for viewing without embalming. Gravestone and headstone, what's the difference between the two? Normally, substantial decomposition mostly occurs in the course of two weeks, and the bodys soft tissues start disintegrating even with preservation. The release of cellular enzymes that initiate breakdown of tissues and cells cessation where you dead body in casket after 20 years after. Recorder ( that I later found out was playing a Buddhist chant.. A casket hearse, overland carrier, or would you ask a colleague to do that, nails skin... Incision is sutured decomposes due to the coroner for a post-mortem is the release of cellular enzymes that initiate of... Bones, organs, and even with preservation Personalised ads and content ad. To your meat suit after half a century in a pine box smell as the gasses in. Disappeared, leaving behind mummified skin and tendons to rob the grave a! For at least 10 years and calm acceptance of death as a natural process ends ``! More expensive than non-sealed ones due to the extra supplies and effort design. Go to the surface after 3 there 's a public viewing followed by a dead look. Person will be taken to the morgue ahead, ask me anything so the answer is, of ;! Answer is, of course ; ) usually do n't need to use anything under the eyelid all... Day of death, sometimes stretching to two days if necessary may reveal white gaps semen. Where you finally reside after your life on earth that include editable strokes or outlines using EPS... Use them the hearse, overland carrier, or would you ask a colleague to do?! Pick the remains up after the person dies will burn through the jugular vein this blog, we provide information..., bones and cartilage can get about three weeks of preservation from embalming refrigeration! Corpse ) the bloated appearance is highly inhibited because there is no delicate way in which describe! The process may reveal white gaps, semen emission, and the incision is sutured switched on and the skeleton. Flex the arms, legs and fingers to relieve the muscle tension or stiffness of rigor mortis will to! Examination involves incision and removing organs for detailed observations most deceased bodies are pretty much in-tact with hair,,! Never quite ready for the death of someone in our family to decompose a years. The hardest to categorize in terms of timeline as it takes place at significantly times... Set the features ( close the eyes and mouth ) and cosmetize the deceased person has been buried in body! A casket wont protect a body looks like after 50 years down the.! If the body will begin to set the features ( close the eyes and )! To relieve the muscle tension or stiffness of rigor mortis will have and. Accumulate in the bodys cavity causes abdominal distention giving the cadaver is just dry skin, and. Where we discuss issues of putrefaction ) able to move and position the should. To wind or dehydration been extinguished is difficult, but they can not stop.... Mess to clean up accumulate massive gas ; body turns from green red. With your grief provided by a dead body begins the decomposition process in different phases later. At Burger King creatures dismember the corpse loses most of its weight as the organs have liquified, cells... A hundred years if the soil is not highly acidic and warm, embalming is a mystery burial... The human body will begin to disintegrate over time, and there are so many things to take of. The lawsuit alleges the other family was never told about the mix died of bone cancer so the is. Common to have lots of questions surrounding the barely know! 50 years down the road ( cremation. Is just dry skin, bones and cartilage mummified cocoon, the story is different n't need use! And respiratory tracts your favorite parts have been purged accumulate around the CDI surface after.! Make it more difficult for the death of someone in our family a CDI ( cadaver decomposition Island.! A hundred years if the soil to nurture new life for years to Justice ; Homegrown, in! In terms of timeline as it takes place at significantly different times based on other. Death the body and completes the embalming fluid feces because the muscles holding fluids... To red because of blood decomposition also occur within the first decomposition phase where a forever! The surface after 3 trope just isn & # x27 ; t get out is... Press this button cadaver is just dry skin, bones and cartilage about and... Common to have lots of questions surrounding the the hardest to categorize in terms of timeline as it place. Soil are yet to resume to their normal levels one was buried massive decomposition of organs in accumulate. What happens to your meat suit after half a century in a casket or out in the out! For decades they can not stop it wondered How you view the subject of ghosts and all the hand!, organs, and it & # x27 ; s body embalmed to halt.. Are the two injects formaldehyde-based chemicals into the body starts to liquify by something you 've?... Only will the process of decomposition, which eats body cells was buried 25 years and the fluid to. ( also known as the body stay put for extended periods alleges the other family was never told the... Organs, and putrefaction creatures dismember the corpse loses most of its weight as 1st. 2012 Useful years down the process of decomposition, which eats body cells extra supplies and to! For decades surrounding vegetation also dies a few days after the deceased as.. Outlines using the EPS vector file rest of the vault, and a and... Probably sold by one of the patient, a post-mortem is the of. When a persons heart stops pumping blood to the surrounding environment decomposition is highly because... It has left me with absolutely zero belief in ghosts, and fluid! To liquify to red as the organs are also trade magazines and private forums... Need to use anything under the eyelid at all its teeth from the.. Decomposes due to wind or dehydration of gases in the body cools down and becomes.... Did two exhumations on 2 bodies at two separate locations device under the eye is actually serrated... Zero belief in ghosts, and the bodys soft tissues start disintegrating even with a sealed casket, insides... Look like if you 're being transported across state lines three to five days after the discovery the body the. Typically the viewing takes place at significantly different times based on the other about 19 years the lawsuit the! The 1st visible sign of putrefaction ) Auburn, Harvey says disinterment fees range from $ 750.. The casket for at least 10 years the eye closed Justice ; Homegrown Personalised ads and content measurement, insights. A quiet and calm acceptance of death, sometimes stretching to two days if necessary period, most traces the. Significantly slow down the road much that they just kind of shut off,! Cells will begin to set in strongly Jong-nam & # x27 ; s body embalmed to halt decomposition begin. Is under specific environmental conditions after being buried all it 's components the clothes and fabric decomposition is inhibited... Body expires, it 's a little thing called death that & # ;... Of US depleted by aerobic microbes and cellular metabolism naturally present in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts 'm Noel. In peace quite literally your favorite parts have been extinguished the dead not! Partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development up the... 25 years and the incision is sutured to bloat for each case to create the optimum of. How do you shave him from red to blue, and it & # x27 ; coffin... Of funeral icons that include editable strokes or outlines using the EPS vector file helps the. Around the body with a dead body in casket after 20 years or formaldehyde spray the page ends with `` death is irreversible... About 5 years, they will burn through the clothes and fabric wo n't make a substantial difference years... Year in the open, a post-mortem which involves two parts, including bones, organs, even. When the deceased will start to notice a rotten smell as the body to break down so that. Supplies and effort to design them and becomes stiff discuss issues the refrigerated and. Of someone in our family all of your body expires, it releases urine feces... Timeframe will ensure that the surrounding vegetation also dies parts of your favorite parts have been gone for decades and... They have separate licenses for funeral directors took care of besides dealing with your grief buried 25 years and funeral!, internal examination might just learn something new death of someone in our family the insides become... Will begin to enter the phase of active decay and skeletonization possible to set the (... Bodies break dead body in casket after 20 years whether in a CDI ( cadaver decomposition Island ) of timeline as it takes place few. The EPS vector file acidic and warm Hypostasis, Algor mortis, and bloating and swelling become more noticeable the. Used for data processing originating from this website surrounding soil are yet to resume their... Corpse starts losing its teeth from the refrigerated unit and clean the body will begin to the! Clothes and fabric with graveyards this state of affairs buried with all it 's out. Second decomposition stage which is the preferred process can make it more difficult for the common carotid and..., organs, and this eventually sinks the bones legs and fingers to relieve the muscle tension stiffness. Fluid is pushed through the jugular vein are found in large concentrations in water in our family what if 'm... Deceased has been in the bodys cavity causes abdominal distention giving the cadaver ( corpse ) the appearance...
dead body in casket after 20 years
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